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Solar prominences were used to track the orientation and meridian bearing angles of their associated filaments over a nine-year period. Since filaments lie at right angles to the prevailing magnetic field, they were used as ‘compasses’ to plot its direction. The field lines marked by the filaments diverged from the meridian symmetrically, eastward and westward, with maximum divergence near the solar poles. The net mean field direction, over nine years, lay closely aligned with the N–S solar meridian. Filament formation was nevertheless asymmetrical, with an excess of filaments whose fields were directed westwards of the meridian. Asymmetrical filament formation appeared to be cyclical, as the proportion of westward-diverging to eastward-diverging filaments peaked during high sunspot activity, suggesting an interaction between the Sun’s poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields.

A report of the Saturn, Uranus & Neptune Section (Director: M. Foulkes). This report describes observations of Saturn made by members of the since-renamed Saturn Section during the 2005/2006 apparition. In particular, this report describes the observations of a bright storm that appeared in southern mid-temperate latitudes, which was also observed by the Cassini spacecraft. Details of other storms observed are also described, including a light spot at high southern latitudes. Only a small segment of the northern hemisphere was visible but within this, a narrow bright blue zone was recorded. Observations of an occultation of the star BY Cancri are also presented.

R. L. T. Clarkson (1889–1954) lived nearly all his life in Suffolk and the surrounding counties, under the dark skies of rural England. A complete set of beautifully illustrated observational notebooks allows us to trace the life of this typical and uncontroversial amateur astronomer, along with his interactions with the BAA. Throughout most of his life Clarkson suffered from a shortage of money and was even forced to sell his best telescopes during the Great Depression. Some previously unpublished details are presented here about the work of the lunar observer H. G. Tomkins of Dedham, with whom he collaborated in the 1920s & ’30s. Like Tomkins and many others of his epoch, Clarkson favoured a volcanic origin for the lunar craters: the subject of his only contribution to our Journal. Late in life, he was a founder member of the Ipswich and District Astronomical Society, the forerunner of the modern Orwell Astronomical Society Ipswich.

During the 2018 apparition we imaged Mars on the island of Curaçao (E. S.) and from the Netherlands (J. S.), using Celestron C8 and C14 Schmidt–Cassegrain telescopes, respectively. Since the altitude of Mars was the highest on Curaçao and this Caribbean island often has excellent seeing conditions, the most detailed information was collected there. Starting at the end of 2018 May, a big dust storm developed, which at the end of 2018 June covered almost the entire martian surface. In 2018 September the storm had vanished again.

Presented here is a report covering observations of Venus during the 2018–’19 eastern and western elongations. Part I concerns observations made by Section members during the eastern elongation, while Part II deals with the western elongation. Images and drawings submitted to the Section are presented for analysis and various aspects of the planet’s appearance during the period considered are commented upon.

A search of published literature reveals 54 western reports of candidate naked-eye sunspot observations made before sunspots were first viewed by telescope in 1610. Most have not had critical scrutiny. Criteria for assessing the reports are presented and each report is reviewed accordingly. Brief extracts from original texts are provided, with translations and full documentation of sources. The review identifies 20 cases that are either misdated or attributable to other phenomena, 15 cases that lack evidence, and six cases that are no more than plausible sunspots. A total of 13 reports are assessed as probable sunspot observations, of which 11 can be dated to within a year. Of these, auroral records suggest that up to six may be associated with possible geomagnetic storms. An apparent match in the timing of seven western observations with sunspot records from East Asia is identified and its implications are discussed.

Part I of this report covered dust storm activity and variations in the albedo markings, along with the remarkable terminator projections seen at high southern latitudes during 2012 March–April. Part II discusses white cloud activity. The appearances of the Equatorial Cloud Band, the Syrtis Blue Cloud and the various orographic clouds were all seasonally normal, while the seasonal commencement of the N. polar cyclonic white clouds were recorded from Ls= 116° onwards; they exhibited obvious signs of vorticity only from Ls= 129°. The N. polar cap retreat was in close accord with the average, but there was a small systematic difference from 2010 when the seasonal separation of Olympia had been slightly delayed: in 2012 the recession of the cap after Ls~ 35° was a little faster. The onset of the N. polar hood was timed at Ls= 151°. The seasonal brightening of Hellas, due to ground frost formation, was well observed in 2012 March–April.

This report describes and analyses observations of the brighter or more interesting comets discovered or at perihelion during 2015, concentrating on those visually observed. Magnitude parameters are given for all comets with observations. Any evolution in the magnitude parameters of those periodic comets with multiple returns is discussed. Additional information on the comets discussed here, and on other comets seen or at perihelion during the year, may be found on the Comet Section’s visual observations web pages.

In this paper we examine the western branch of the Apennine Bench Formation using LROC WAC and NAC images, Clementine multispectral data, the Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), Selene images, the LROC WAC-based GLD100 digital terrain model and terrestrially-obtained CCD images. The study discusses several volcanic features, which are identified as lunar domes and small lunar cones with associated pyroclastic deposits; a possible relationship between them is investigated. We assess the regional geology and provide insight into the distribution and stratigraphy of the volcanic activity which has occurred in the region. Based on the boundaries of the Apennine Bench Formation we argue the presence of a possible megadome extending for 120km and with an average slope angle ξ of 0.5°. Finally, based on CCD telescopic images and the GLD100 dataset, we describe the morphometric properties of four volcanic constructs including their classification.